Cervical dystonia, also known as spasmodic torticollis, is a focal dystonia characterized by neck muscles contracting involuntarily, causing abnormal movements and awkward posture of the head and neck. The movements may be sustained jerky, or a combination. Spasms in the muscles or pinched nerves in the neck can result in considerable pain and discomfort.
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Cervical dystonia may begin in the neck and spread into the shoulders, but the symptoms usually plateau and remain stable within five years of onset. This form of focal dystonia is unlikely to spread beyond the neck and shoulders or become generalized dystonia. Occasionally, people with cervical dystonia develop other focal dystonias.
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Cervical dystonia may be primary (meaning that it is the only apparent neurological disorder, with or without a family history) or be brought about by secondary causes such as physical trauma. Cases of inherited cervical dystonia may occur in conjunction with early-onset generalized dystonia, which is associated with the DYT1 gene.
Diagnosis of cervical dystonia is based on information from the affected individual and the physical and neurological examination. At this time, there is no test to confirm diagnosis of cervical dystonia, and in most cases assorted laboratory tests are normal.
Cervical dystonia should not be confused with other conditions which cause a twisted neck such as local orthopedic or congenital problems of the neck, or ophthalmologic conditions where the head tilts to compensate for impaired vision. It is sometimes misdiagnosed as stiff neck, arthritis, or wryneck.
One of the most effective treatments for cervical dystonia is regular Botox®, otherwise known as botulinum toxin, injections to the affected muscles. A multitude of oral medications have demonstrated some benefit. The categories of drugs reported to help relieve the symptoms associated with cervical dystonia include anticholinergic drugs.
Selective denervation surgery is an option for some cervical dystonia patients, and deep brain stimulation surgery is beginning to be explored for cervical dystonia as well.
Gentle physical therapy with a physical therapist who specializes in neurological disorders may improve range of motion and help reduce pain.
Complementary therapies should be explored and regular relaxation practices may significantly benefit discomfort and pain.
At Neurological Associates The Interventional Group, our neurologists specialize in the treatment and diagnosis of cervical dystonia. Dr. Jordan both treat patients with cervical dystonia. If you have dystonia and need a specialist, contact one of them to schedule an appointment at 310-829-5968.
